Historical Note

Return link to the guide


The complete derivation of all of the possible 230 three-dimensional space groups was given simultaneously in the year 1890 by E.S. Federov and A. Schoenflies.

Space group diagrams and tables have been produced in various printed formats: Most notable are those printed in 1935, 1952, and, more recently, 1983.

This electronic format with redrawn diagrams was originally produced in 1997 with minor revisions in 1999 for release at the IUCr meeting in Glasgow. The figures were produced for the taught Internet courses pioneered by the Department of Crystallography, Birkbeck College, London. Teaching material from these courses is not included on this CD-ROM.


© Copyright 1997-1999. Birkbeck College, University of London.